Robb wells biography of mahatma gandhi

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    MAHATMA

    GANDHI

    LOUIS FISCHER
    THE LIFE OF MAHATMA GANDHI
    Gandhi once said that people described
    him as a saint trying to be a politician.
    The truth, he claimed, was the other way
    round. Louis Fischer, in this intimate
    biography, shows that Gandhi was both.
    He was also a warm-hearted and high-
    spirited man — yet always an enigma.
    How did it happen that Gandhi rose
    from obscurity into a world-famous figure,
    the most powerful leader of the most
    populous country? What spiritual force
    converted the English-trained lawyer into
    the saint who freed India and was looked
    to by the whole world for spiritual guid¬
    ance? What kind of man was it who could
    aid the British in three wars, and defy them
    as the living symbol of non-violence and
    peace? How could an agitator command
    such respect from his opponents?
    Louis Fischer, drawing upon his know¬
    ledge of and acquaintance with Gandhi,
    and using much unpublished and revealing
    material, has produced a vivid portrait of
    the man, the statesman and the saint.

    4Mr. Fischer’s is the first full and con¬


    secutive biography, a relief from too many
    symposia and anthologies of tribute.
    These have always concentrated on what
    Gandhi is, or was or seemed. Mr. Fischer
    tells us with a wealth of circumstance
    what

    IL POTERE DELLA NON-VIOLENZA

    April 8,
    My first contact with British authority in that country was not of a happy character. I discovered that as a man and an Indian I had no rights. More correctly, I discovered that I had no rights as a man because I was an Indian. But I was not baffled. I thought that this treatment of Indians was an excrescence upon a system that was intrinsically and mainly good. I gave the government my voluntary and hearty cooperation, criticizing it freely where I felt it was faulty, but never wishing its destruction. Consequently, when the existence of the empire was threatened in by the Boer challenge, I offered my services to it, raised a volunteer ambulance corps, and served at several actions that took place for the relief of Ladysmith. Similarly in , at the time of the Zulu revolt, I raised a stretcher-bearer party and served till the end of the rebellion. On both these occasions I received medals and was even mentioned in dispatches. For my work in South Africa I was given by Lord Hardinge a Kaiser-i-Hind Gold Medal. When the war broke out in between England and Germany, I raised a volunteer ambulance corps in London consisting of the then resident Indians in London, chiefly students. Its work was acknowledged by the authorities to be valuable. Lastly, in India, when a special appeal was made at the War Conference in Delhi in I by Lord Chelmsford for recruits, I struggled at the cost of my health to raise a corps in Kheda and the response was being made when the hostilities ceased and orders were received that no more recruits were wanted. In all these efforts at service, I was actuated by the belief that it was possible by such services to gain a status of full equality in the empire for my countrymen. The first shock came in the shape of the Rowlatt Act, a law designed to rob the people of all real freedom. I felt called upon to lead an intensive agitation against it. Then followed the Punjab horrors beginning with the massacre at

    Gandhi, The Communicator M A L A Y S I A S I N G A P O R E I N D I A

    Acknowledgements

    Thanks first of all to my school, Welham Girls' School, Dehradun for inculcating in me a practice for shram or labour every Gandhi Jayanti where every child would work to clean the gardens, dormitories, floors, verandas, the mess, the toilets, the windows, doors and cupboards. #CleanlinessDrive every year instilled in us a sense of warmth and respect towards the working class and those toiling to make our childhood dream a reality in school. I must also thank my grandmother, Shrimati Jai Devi Pandey, who told me tales from her youth and married life about how she assisted my Gandhian grandfather in his endeavour to free the country from British rule, something in which he completely supported Mahatma Gandhi and his nonviolent ideology.

    If they helped me make this book a reality, its origins go back much further. I am sure I have absorbed things from my father as I observed him while growing up-his habit of punctuality, even to marriage and birthday parties, him maintaining a small wardrobe of clothes (never more than two pairs of trousers and shirts), him cleaning the lavatories of the house, him wearing a Gandhi cap as a child and in his college days, him doing Yoga from a very young age, him doing shram at the kitchen garden and in the small garden we always had, him wearing Khadi nightsuit always, him shopping for Khadi household linen and upholstery on most occasions, and many other untold practices and habits. If it hadn't been for him taking me to the Gandhi Museum at Rajkot, I wouldn't have got the idea of writing this book. I thank Dr. Vedabhyas Kundu, Programme Officer, Gandhi Smriti and Darshan Smriti, for encouraging me to take up nonviolent and peace communication more sincerely and even inspiring me to do an online course on nonviolent communication. The idea of this book emerged from the research paper I wrote on Gandhian resistance. I am also thankf

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