Liliane georges marchais biography

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Georges Rene Louis Marchais, politician: born La Hoguette, Calvados, 7 June 1920; Member Central Committee Communist Party of France 1956-97, Political Bureau 1959-95, Deputy Secretary-General 1970-72, Secretary- General 1972-94, Deputy for Val-de-Marne 1973-97, Member European Parliament 1979-89; married 1941 Paulette Noetinger (three daughters; marriage dissolved), 1977 Liliane Garcia (one son); died Paris 17 November 1997.

Georges Marchais was leader of the French Communist Party for over 20 years. During his tenure the party's share of the vote sank from 20 per cent to 6; each electoral setback led to waves of dissidence which all but drained the party of activists.

Although challenged several times and subject to severe criticism over his personal style, his pro-Russian strategy and intellectual shortcomings, he was never dislodged because the party remained internally undemocratic. Marchais projected himself as an aggressive, knockabout character, but as the party's vote sank his media appearances became less frequent. He left the party unreformed and, unlike most western Communist parties, committed to the Leninist project.

He was born in 1920 in a small village in Calvados. In 1935 he left Normandy for Paris and became a skilled worker in aeronautics. On 12 December 1942 he signed papers as a volunteer worker to go to Germany (for which he got a bonus) and went to Leipheim to work for Messerschmitt.

Marchais always claimed he was a forced labourer. He was not. Service du travail obligatoire was not introduced until 17 February 1943. Marchais could have escaped or applied for exemption. The subsequent cover-up was a minor Watergate.

Marchais remained in Germany until 1943. His life from 1943 to 1947 remains obscure, but the controversy is such that, as Auguste Lecoeur noted, sooner or later witnesses will come forward to swear that Marchais and Maurice Thorez (the French Communist leader, in the Soviet Union at the time) we

French political activist (1935–2020)

Liliane Marchais (24 August 1935 – 9 April 2020) was a French communist activist.

Biography

Born in Malakoff on 24 August 1935, Marchais' father was a toolmaker, and her mother was unemployed. In 1961, she married Maurice Garcia, a member of the French Communist Party, with whom she had a daughter, Annie. The couple divorced, and Liliane married Georges Marchais in 1977. They had a son, Olivier. The family lived in Champigny-sur-Marne, a suburb southeast of Paris.

The holder of a Certificat d'études primaires and a Certificat d'aptitude professionnelle, Marchais worked as a cable worker for Compagne générale de la télégraphie sans fil in her hometown of Malakoff.[6] At age 15, she joined the Union des jeunes républicains de France, which became the Mouvement Jeunes Communistes de France. In 1952, she joined the French Communist Party and the General Confederation of Labor a year later. She was an executive of the Metalworkers' Federation from 1960 to 1964, and served on the Communist Party's management in Val-de-Marne until 1996. She played an essential role in the party while her husband was the leader.

Following a stroke, Marchais left her home in Champigny-sur-Marne and moved into a care home in Bry-sur-Marne. She died of COVID-19 on 9 April 2020, at the age of 84. The Communist Party's national secretary, Fabien Roussel, announced her death via a press release. She was buried on 16 April in Champigny-sur-Marne, next to her husband.

References

Biography

French politician, leader of the French Communist Party from 1972 to 1994.

As a young man he worked as a mechanic and in 1946 became Secretary of the Union of Metalworkers. He joined the Communist Party in 1947, and his rise through the hierarchy was rapid. In 1956 he became a member of the Central Committee, and in 1972, Secretary General of the Party.

In 1972, with the Socialist leader François Mitterrand and Robert Fabre, Marchais worked out a common political program between the leftist parties in France to combine their electoral strength. Elected to the National Assembly in March 1973, he was continually reelected thereafter. He and his party supported Mitterrand as the unsuccessful candidate of the unified left in the presidential elections of 1974.

After the breakup of the Communist-Socialist alliance in 1977,Marchais abandoned his previous moderate Marxist stance and adopted a more pro-Soviet, hard-line policy. But his attempt to restore the Communists to their former dominance of the left by adopting an orthodox and dogmatic Communist stance alienated many sympathizers and drove them to the Socialist camp. In the first round of the presidential election in April 1981, he ran against Mitterrand but dropped out after the first round, having polled only 15.3 percent of the vote, the worst showing for a Communist presidential candidate since 1935. In subsequent years support for the Communist Party declined further; in parliamentary elections held in 1986 and 1993 the party received less than 10 percent of the vote.

Throughout his career Marchais's wartime record was a subject of controversy. Opponents charged that during World War II he volunteered to work in an aircraft factory in Germany; Marchais claimed that he had been deported into forced labour.

He had a marriage and divorce; three children. He had a second marriage on 18 February 1977; one son. Died of pulmonary edema on 16 November 1997.

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