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The Embsay and Bolton Abbey railway is a four mile long heritage line near Skipton in Yorkshire. It was once a part of the Midland line to Ilkley. The original line closed in 1965 and the track was lifted. Gradually, the heritage line was reinstated as far as Bolton Abbey. That was in the early 1990’s. Here, a replica wooden station was built.

The Skipton to Ilkley line, history and construction

Ilkley had been rail connected since 1865 when the line from Otley was built. That was by the North Eastern Railway. Various schemes for a line from Skipton were proposed as part of larger schemes. Consequently none of them were built. However an agreement was reached, in 1881, that the Midland Railway would build a line from Skipton, via Embsay and Addingham, to the existing N.E. station at Ilkley.

Survey’s took place from 1882 and Construction began in 1885. There were two large structures needed in Ilkley, a Girder bridge over Brook street and a viaduct. Consequently, there was some concern about the visual impact of these, but construction went ahead. The decking was complete in time for Queen Victoria’s Jubilee, in 1887.

The first train to Skipton ran in 1888. Consequently, trains ran until 1965 when most of the line was lifted. Ilkley viaduct was demolished in 1973. The Grassington branch remains to this day. Another survivor was the track from Embsay, which was retained for quarry traffic. However the points were eventually lifted and the preserved line no longer has a connection to the rest of the network.

The line today

The current line runs from just short of the Grassington branch to Embsay station and then on to a halt at Hollywell. The line then continues to the reconstructed station at Bolton Abbey.

Possible extensions

There has been much speculation about reinstating the points on the Grassington branch and running trains down to Skipton. The Ilkley platforms still exist but would need extensive. work. Notably the cost has

Abstract

KdgR has been reported to negatively regulate the genes involved in degradation and metabolization of pectic acid and other extracellular enzymes in soft-rotting Erwinia spp. through direct binding to their promoters. The possible involvement of a KdgR orthologue in virulence by affecting the expression of extracellular enzymes in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, the causal agent of rice blight disease, was examined by comparing virulence and regulation of extracellular enzymes between the wild type (WT) and a strain carrying a mutation in putative kdgR (ΔXoo0310 mutant). This putative kdgR mutant of X. oryzae pv. oryzae showed increased pathogenicity on rice without affecting the regulation of extracellular enzymes, such as amylase, cellulase, xylanase, and protease. However, the mutant carrying a mutation in an ortholog of xpsL, which encodes the functional secretion machinery for the extracellular enzymes, showed a dramatic decrease in pathogenicity on rice. Both mutants of kdgR and of xpsL orthologs showed higher expression of two major hrp regulatory genes, hrpG and hrpX, and the genes in the hrp operons when grown in hrp-inducing medium. Thus, both genes were shown to be involved in repression of hrp genes. The kdgR ortholog was thought to suppress virulence mainly by repressing the expression of hrp genes without affecting the expression of extracellular enzymes, unlike findings for the kdgR gene in soft-rotting Erwinia spp. On the other hand, xpsL was confirmed to be involved in virulence by promoting the secretion of extracellular enzymes in spite of repressing the expression of the hrp genes.

INTRODUCTION

Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae causes bacterial leaf blight on rice in most areas of Asia and some areas of West Africa, Australia, Latin America, and the Caribbean (31). Since the whole-genome sequences of three X. oryzae pv. oryzae strains (KACC10331, MAFF311018, and PXO99A) have been reported (2