Pope clement x biography of williams

Head of the Catholic Church from to

Pope Clement XI (Latin: Clemens XI; Italian: Clemente XI; Albanian: Klementi XI; 23 July &#;– 19 March ), born Giovanni Francesco Albani, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 23 November to his death in March

Clement XI was a patron of the arts and of science. He was also a great benefactor of the Vatican Library; his interest in archaeology is credited with saving much of Rome's antiquity. He authorized expeditions which succeeded in rediscovering various ancient Christian writings and authorized excavations of the Roman catacombs.

Biography

Early life

Giovanni Francesco Albani was born in in Urbino to the Albani family, a distinguished family of Albanian origin in central Italy. His mother Elena Mosca (–) was a high-standing Italian of bergamasque origin, descended from the noble Mosca family of Pesaro. His father Carlo Albani (–) was a patrician. His mother descended in part from the Staccoli family, who were patricians of Urbino, in part from the Giordani, who were nobles of Pesaro. The original name of the Albani was Lazzi (Laçi) which they changed to Albani in memory of their origin. Francesco Albani funded an expedition in Albania to locate the exact settlement of his family's origins. In the final report, the two most probable locations which were presented to him were Laç near Lezhë and Laç near Kukës, both in northern Albania.

Albani was educated at the Collegio Romano in Rome from onwards. He became a very proficient Latinist and gained a doctorate in both canon and civil law. He was one of those who frequented the academy of Queen Christina of Sweden. He would serve as a papal prelate under Pope Alexander VIII and was appointed by Pope Innocent XII as the Referendary of the Apostolic Signatura. Throughout this time, he also served as the governor of Rieti, Sabina and Orvieto.

Online Books by

Pope Clement I

Books from the extended shelves:

• Clement I, Pope: Ad Corinthios epistolae versio Latina antiquissima. (apud editorem, etc., etc., ), also by Germain Morin (page images at HathiTrust)
• Clement I, Pope: Anecdota Maredsolana; seu, Monumenta ecclesiasticae antiquitatis en mss. codicibus nunc primum edita. (Monasterio S. Benedicti; [etc.], ), also by Germain Morin and Saint Jerome (page images at HathiTrust)
• Clement I, Pope: The Apostolic fathers (Harvard University Press ;, ), also by Kirsopp Lake, Hermas, Saint Polycarp, and Saint Ignatius (page images at HathiTrust)
• Clement I, Pope: The Apostolic fathers. (W. Heinemann, ), also by Kirsopp Lake, Hermas, Saint Polycarp, and Saint Ignatius (page images at HathiTrust)
• Clement I, Pope: The Apostolic fathers (W. Heinemann;, ), also by Kirsopp Lake, Saint Polycarp, and Saint Ignatius (page images at HathiTrust)
• Clement I, Pope: The Apostolic fathers (Harvard University Press, ), also by Kirsopp Lake, Saint Polycarp, and Saint Ignatius (page images at HathiTrust)
• Clement I, Pope: The apostolic fathers (Griffith, Farran, Okeden & Welsh, ), also by 2nd cent Hermas, Saint Polycarp, Saint Ignatius, William Reeves, Edward Burton, and William Wake (page images at HathiTrust)
• Clement I, Pope: The apostolic fathers (Macmillan and co., limited, ), also by Saint Polycarp, Saint Ignatius, John Reginald Harmer, Joseph Barbar Lightfoot, Saint Irenaeus, Saint Papias, and Lightfoot Fund for the Diocese of Durham (page images at HathiTrust)
• Clement I, Pope: Apostolic fathers. (London : Macmillan, , ), also by J. B. Lightfoot (page images at HathiTrust)
• Clement I, Pope: The apostolic fathers (John Grant, ), also by William Reeves, Edward Burton, William Wake, Hermas, Saint Polycarp, and Saint Ignatius (page images at HathiTrust)
• Clement I, Pope: The Apostolic Fathers (Macmillan and co., limited, ), also by J. R. Harmer, J. B. Lightfo

Head of the Catholic Church from to

Pope Clement X (Latin: Clemens X; Italian: Clemente X; 13 July &#;– 22 July ), born Emilio Bonaventura Altieri, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 29 April to his death on 22 July Elected pope at age 79, he has since been ranked as the oldest pope at the time of his election.

Emilio Bonaventura Altieri, born in Rome in , belonged to the Papal nobility. He received a doctorate in law and held various positions within the Catholic Church, including Bishop of Camerino and Superintendent of the Papal Exchequer. At the age of almost 80, he was elected Pope Clement X in after a four-month-long conclave. As Pope, he canonized and beatified various saints, promoted good relations between Christian countries, and made efforts to preserve the Altieri family name by adopting the Paoluzzi family. He also established a new tax in Rome, which led to conflicts with ambassadors and cardinals. Clement X celebrated the fourteenth jubilee of the holy year in despite his old age. During his pontificate, he created 20 cardinals, including Pietro Francesco Orsini, who later became Pope Benedict XIII.

Early life

Emilio Bonaventura Altieri was born in Rome in , the son of Lorenzo Altieri and Vittoria Delfin, a noble Venetian lady, sister of Flaminio Delfin, commander general of the Papal Army, and of Gentile Delfin, Bishop of Camerino. His brother was Cardinal Giambattista Altieri. The Altieri family belonged to the ancient Roman Papal nobility and had enjoyed the highest consideration at Rome for several centuries; they had occasionally contracted alliances with the Colonnas and the Orsinis. During earlier pontificates, the Altieri held many important offices and had been entrusted with several delicate missions.

Early work

Altieri received a doctorate in law from the Roman College in After finishing his studies, he was named auditor of Giovanni Battista Lancellotti